ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. This systematic review compares mortality risk factors including clinical, demographic and laboratory features of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The aim is to provide new strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using five databases to compare the predictors of death for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: 845 articles up through 11/4/2020 were retrieved, but only 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that males had a higher likelihood of death than females (ORâ¯=â¯1.82, 95% CI 1.56-2.13). Age (ORâ¯=â¯7.86, 95% CI 5.46-11.29), diabetes comorbidity (ORâ¯=â¯3.73, 95% CI 2.35-5.90), chronic lung disease (ORâ¯=â¯3.43, 95% CI 1.80-6.52) and hypertension (ORâ¯=â¯3.38, 95% CI 2.45-4.67) were the mortality risk factors. The laboratory indicators lactic dehydrogenase (ORâ¯=â¯37.52, 95% CI 24.68-57.03), C-reactive protein (ORâ¯=â¯12.11, 95% CI 5.24-27.98), and neutrophils (ORâ¯=â¯17.56, 95% CI 10.67-28.90) had stronger correlations with COVID-19 mortality than with SARS or MERS mortality. Consolidation and ground-glass opacity imaging features were similar among COVID-19, SARS, and MERS patients. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19's mortality factors are similar to those of SARS and MERS. Age and laboratory indicators could be effective predictors of COVID-19 mortality outcomes.